Abstract: Complex open limb fractures represent a significant challenge in the field of trauma orthopedics, characterized by severe bone and soft tissue destruction caused by high-energy injuries, often accompanied by serious complications such as infection, nonunion, and functional impairment. Modern Western medicine treatment follows the damage control concept, establishing a therapeutic system centered on staged surgery, which has significantly improved limb salvage rates. However, limitations remain in controlling local inflammation, promoting tissue regeneration, and functional rehabilitation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory emphasizes holistic concepts and syndrome differentiation, with principles such as "simultaneous treatment of bone and soft tissue" and "promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis" providing unique perspectives for trauma repair. This article systematically explores the organic integration of Chinese and Western medicine treatment methods to form a staged integrated strategy spanning the acute, reconstruction, and rehabilitation phases. During the acute phase, TCM formulas for clearing heat, detoxifying, cooling blood, and resolving stasis can assist in controlling systemic inflammatory responses and creating conditions for surgery. During the reconstruction phase, kidney-tonifying, blood-activating, bone-knitting, and tendon-nourishing Chinese herbs synergize with modern microsurgical techniques to promote synchronous repair of bone and soft tissues. During the rehabilitation phase, TCM fumigation, Daoyin (guided exercise), and manual therapy play a dominant role in functional recovery. By reviewing existing clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of action, this article aims to construct a logical, practical clinical integration pathway to provide theoretical basis and practical references for improving the overall efficacy of complex open fractures, while also outlining key directions for future research. Read More

Abstract: Diabetes prevention and control is a huge public health challenge worldwide. The number of newly diagnosed cases of Type 2 diabetes continues to increase significantly each year, and the number of confirmed cases also increases each year. Intervention and management strategies for type 2 diabetes are closely linked to dietary patterns. Although existing research has confirmed that certain dietary patterns play a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, improving blood sugar control, and reducing the risk of the disease, there are still several dietary approaches whose mechanisms remain unclear or lack sufficient clinical evidence to support them. Their long-term effects and applicability require further investigation. Summarizing the documentary evidence related to the occurrence and development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in various nutritional techniques, this paper proposes a theoretical basis for more scientific and effective clinical management and optimization of patient nutrition. Read More

Abstract: With the global prevalence of diabetes continuously rising, the management of diabetes has become a significant challenge in the field of public health. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in diabetes management, especially in personalized dietary interventions, has shown tremendous potential. This study conducts a systematic literature review to explore the various applications of AI in diabetes management, covering areas such as dietary intervention, personalized treatment, and complication prediction. The study finds that AI can effectively predict the risk of diabetes, optimize dietary plans, improve patient adherence, and reduce the incidence of diabetes-related complications. However, despite the significant progress made by AI technologies, challenges remain in terms of technological standardization, data privacy protection, and clinical translation. Future research should focus on the comprehensive application of AI in diabetes management, including combining exercise interventions, enhancing model accuracy, and expanding the diversity of datasets. Overall, the application of AI in personalized diabetes management holds great promise, but its clinical translation and long-term use still require further research and optimization. Read More

Abstract: Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and TALEN have become core tools for life science research and biotechnology industrialization. However, their clinical translation and large-scale application are limited by three major issues: low instantaneous expression efficiency, high off target risk, and strong cytotoxicity. The stable expression gene editing system can improve editing efficiency and safety through continuous and controllable tool expression, while biosynthetic technology provides a key solution for the construction of this system with modular design, precise regulation, and scalability advantages. Starting from the core principles of biosynthetic technology, this article analyzes its application paths in carrier engineering optimization, regulatory element design, and host adaptation modification. Combining practical cases of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and microbial community host systems, it explains how it solves the problems of "expression persistence," "regulation precision," and "host compatibility" in stable expression. Research has shown that standardized design of synthetic biological elements such as inducible promoters and miRNA response modules, optimization of AAV capsids, modification of vector skeletons such as non viral vector molecular design, and dynamic regulation of gene pathways can effectively improve the stable expression efficiency of gene editing systems while reducing off target rates and cytotoxicity. Read More

Abstract: With the aging of the population in China, the incidence rate of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and other common chronic diseases of the elderly continues to rise, which not only reduces the quality of life of the elderly, but also increases the medical burden. As a non-pharmacological intervention, exercise rehabilitation has the advantages of safety, economy, and easy promotion in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly. It can be integrated into community health services or family settings, and is suitable for the physiological characteristics of elderly people with weak mobility and easy fatigue. This article analyzes the specific application plans and effects of exercise rehabilitation in common chronic diseases in the elderly by reviewing clinical research and practical experience. It is found that scientific exercise rehabilitation can improve patients' physiological indicators (such as blood pressure control and blood glucose regulation), enhance body function, and reduce the occurrence of complications. Developing personalized exercise plans for different chronic diseases can effectively assist in disease treatment, improve the health level of the elderly, and provide practical reference for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly. Read More

Abstract: Invisible orthodontics has become one of the mainstream methods of orthodontics due to its advantages such as aesthetics, comfort, and removal. However, orthodontic pain still seriously affects patients' treatment compliance. Oral biofilm is the core of oral microbiota, and its formation and evolution are regulated by factors such as appliance wearing and changes in oral environment. This article reviews the research on changes in oral microbiota during invisible orthodontic treatment, clarifies the formation stages, components, and structural characteristics of biofilms, analyzes their association mechanism with orthodontic pain, and explores the impact pathway of biofilm inflammation on periodontal pain perception. Research has found that wearing invisible orthodontic appliances can alter the local physical barriers and microenvironment of the oral cavity, promoting the formation of pathogenic bacterial biofilms mainly composed of streptococci and actinomycetes; Biofilm releases inflammatory factors and metabolic products that stimulate periodontal nerves, or worsen periodontitis, thereby exacerbating orthodontic pain. This article aims to provide theoretical basis for clinical regulation of oral biofilm to prevent and alleviate pain related to invisible orthodontic treatment, and to provide reference for optimizing treatment plans and improving patient experience. Read More

Abstract: Insufficient tissue perfusion and microcirculation disorders are the core pathological mechanisms of multiple organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. Timely and accurate monitoring is a key link in improving prognosis and reducing the incidence of multiple organ failure. This article systematically elaborates on the physiological basis of tissue perfusion and microcirculation, summarizes the precision advantages of invasive monitoring and the convenience characteristics of non-invasive monitoring, clarifies the core principles of different technologies and their adaptation scenarios in different subtypes of severe diseases such as sepsis and hemorrhagic shock, deeply analyzes their core values in early disease identification, severity grading, treatment plan adjustment, and prognosis risk warning, and combines authoritative clinical data to support the monitoring technology's role in diagnosis and treatment decision-making. Finally, it explores the operational limitations, equipment popularization difficulties, and future development directions in the application of technology. The multicenter studies included in the "Chinese Guidelines for Critical Care Medicine (2023 Edition)" show that the scientific application of monitoring technology can increase the treatment compliance rate of critically ill patients by 32.6%, reduce mortality rates by 16.8%–19.3%, and provide important support for the implementation of precision and personalized diagnosis and treatment in critical care medicine. Read More

Abstract: Complex tooth extraction is a common high-risk surgery in oral and maxillofacial surgery, which involves special types of teeth such as impacted wisdom teeth, embedded teeth, and multiple variant teeth. It is often accompanied by complex anatomical structures, limited operating space, and adjacent important nerve and vascular issues, resulting in significantly increased surgical difficulty and risk of complications. This article is based on clinical practice and authoritative guidelines such as the "Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery", combined with real clinical data, relying on the full process management ideas of preoperative precise imaging evaluation, intraoperative minimally invasive operation standards, and postoperative individualized nursing follow-up. It systematically summarizes the core operating points of complex tooth extraction surgery, deeply analyzes the risk factors and targeted prevention and treatment strategies of common complications such as bleeding, infection, nerve injury, and maxillary sinus perforation, and provides practical reference for clinical physicians to standardize surgical procedures, improve operational accuracy, and reduce the incidence of complications, helping to optimize diagnosis and treatment effects, and ensure patients' oral function and quality of life. Read More

Abstract: With the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy, the quality of life of tumor patients has been greatly improved, but the low response rate and drug resistance of individual treatment methods still plague clinical practice. The interferon gene stimulating factor signaling pathway discovered in recent years serves as an important bridge between innate immunity and adaptive anti-tumor immunity, and is currently a highly promising new target for tumor immunotherapy. This pathway can be activated by abnormal DNA in the cytoplasm, inducing strong expression of type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby transforming cold tumors into hot tumors in immunology. This article aims to systematically elucidate the combination therapy approach guided by the STING pathway, summarize the types and development of STING agonists, and provide a detailed summary of the methodological basis, synergistic mechanisms, and latest research progress of the combination use of STING agonists with other immune checkpoint blockers, radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs, tumor vaccines, targeted therapy drugs, and other congenital immune agonists, cell therapy, etc. Finally, summarize the current status and future research directions of the research field in which this article is located. By rational design and optimization of joint strategies, targeting the STING pathway is expected to overcome the limitations of existing immunotherapy and bring clinical benefits to more cancer patients. Read More

Abstract: In order to evaluate the clinical value of suspension training combined with non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in spinal rehabilitation pain management, 60 patients with chronic spinal pain were intervened for 8 weeks, and two control groups, namely the single suspension training group and the single percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) group, were set at the same time. The visual analog pain score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the levels of TNF - α and IL-6 in peripheral blood were monitored. The results showed that after the combined intervention, the VAS score decreased by (3.4 ± 0.7) points, the improvement rate of ODI was 41.8%, and the levels of inflammatory factors were reduced by 29.6% and 27.3%, respectively. The improvement of indicators in the combined intervention group was significantly better than that in the single intervention group (p<0.05), and the incidence of adverse reactions was only 3.2%, mainly mild skin irritation and transient dizziness, without special treatment. The combined scheme can relieve spinal pain and improve spinal function through the synergistic effect of mechanical regulation and neuroinflammation inhibition, which is safe and reliable, and provides a feasible intervention path for spinal rehabilitation. Read More