Abstract: Background: Standardized catheter maintenance by nurses can reduce complications. Understanding the knowledge, attitude and practice status of clinical nurses in PICC maintenance is of great practical significance for medical and health development. Objective: To describe the current knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nurses on peripheral central catheterization (PICC) maintenance. Methods: The knowledge, attitude and behavior of PICC maintenance of 317 oncology nurses in Shandong Province were analyzed by questionnaires. The counting data were described by frequency and percentage. The influence factors of PICC maintenance knowledge, attitude and behavior were determined by independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Gender, age, professional title, education level, work experience, PICC training experience and PICC certificate are all significant factors affecting PICC maintenance knowledge, attitude and behavior. In the dimension of PICC maintenance knowledge, 212 nurses (mean = 10.00, SD=1.26) were proficient in PICC maintenance knowledge, while 105 nurses (mean = 16.60, SD=1.34) were obviously lacking in PICC maintenance knowledge. In the dimension of PICC maintenance attitude, the average score of nurses' PICC maintenance attitude was 52.92+10.34 points, and 228 nurses (mean = 58.86, SD=4.67) had a positive attitude towards PICC maintenance. The average score of nurses' PICC maintenance practice was 62.03+13.00, 64% of nurses had good PICC maintenance practice ability, and 203 nurses (mean =71.33, SD=4.76) had good PICC maintenance practice ability. Discussion In conclusion, the knowledge, attitude and practice of PICC maintenance of oncology nurses in Shandong Province were all at a moderate level. The role of demographic factors on PICC maintenance was paid attention to, and the training on PICC maintenance was emphasized, and the knowledge level, attitude cognition and practical ability of nurses on PICC maintenance were … Read More

Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the human immune system, swiftly recognizing and eliminating infected cells through non-specific immune mechanisms. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which NK cells act in various infections, including those caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, and explores their biological characteristics and functional regulation in the context of infection. By thoroughly analyzing the regulatory mechanisms of cytokines, receptor-ligand interactions, and the microenvironment on NK cell function, this paper further elucidates the response mechanisms of NK cells under different infection scenarios. Finally, it discusses the clinical application prospects of NK cells in treating infectious diseases and outlines future research directions, providing new ideas and possibilities for NK cell-based immunotherapy strategies. Read More

Abstract: This paper reviews the latest technological developments in contemporary radiation therapy equipment and their significance in clinical applications. It begins with an introduction to the basic principles and historical evolution of radiation therapy, followed by a detailed analysis of common types of radiation therapy equipment, including linear accelerators, Gamma Knives, proton therapy equipment, and heavy ion therapy equipment. For each type, the paper conducts an in-depth comparative analysis of their technical characteristics, covering aspects such as performance, accuracy, therapeutic efficacy, safety, side effects, cost, and maintenance. The paper then explores the latest trends in radiation therapy technology development, such as image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and adaptive radiation therapy (ART), highlighting their clinical applications and potential through case studies. Finally, the paper looks forward to future development directions in radiation therapy technology, including the research and development of new equipment and technologies, trends in personalized treatment, and the prospects for artificial intelligence in radiation therapy. The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive references and guidance for research and clinical practice in radiation therapy equipment. Read More

Abstract: Liver cancer, as a global health issue, is of critical importance in termsal of treatment and prognosis. Quercetin, a flavonoid compound widely found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages, has become a research focus in recent years for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor properties. Studies, especially on the inhibition of hepatocellular growth, the blocking of metastasis, and the regulation of cellular senescence mechanisms, have suggested that quercetin has potential therapeutic value. This article primarily reviews the progress of quercetin in the anti-senescence research of liver cancer cells. Studies have shown that quercetin can affect the proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of liver cancer cells through different molecular mechanisms. Firstly, quercetin can directly inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 or G2/M phases, and by upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins such as the caspase family and downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins like the Bcl-2 family, thereby promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells. Secondly, quercetin can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells, which may be related to its regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression, significant in preventing distant metastases of liver cancer. Furthermore, quercetin can influence the biological behaviors of liver cancer cells by regulating related signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPKs, and NF-κB. In addition, quercetin exhibits a unique mechanism in regulating the senescence of liver cancer cells by promoting senescence through the activation of the p53/p21 and p16/Rb pathways. Finally, addressing the issue of quercetin's bioavailability, research has found that combining it with other drugs or improving the administration methods could enhance its therapeutic effect. In summary, as a multi-target natural compound, quercetin shows extensive potential in the treatment of liver cancer. However, its … Read More

Abstract: With lifestyle and dietary changes, the number of kidney disease patients in China is rising. For end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, long-term hemodialysis is crucial for survival, requiring reliable vascular access. This review summarizes the essential nursing care for vascular access in ESRD, focusing on preoperative and postoperative strategies, psychological support, physical preparation, fistula maturity assessment, and puncture techniques. It also addresses common complications and their management. Integrating new technologies with traditional nursing practices can enhance treatment outcomes, reduce complications, and improve the quality of life for hemodialysis patients, underscoring the vital role of skilled nursing in ESRD care. Read More

Abstract: With the advent of the post-epidemic era, science and technology are developing rapidly, and the health care industry is facing tremendous changes. In order to meet the challenges of public health, the special role of advanced practice nurse (APN) has attracted attention. This article reviews the development status, certification system, practice, and development trend of APN in various countries, aiming to provide reference for establishing the APN role and promoting its development in China, and calls for the establishment and improvement of the APN model as soon as possible to help achieve a "Healthy China". Read More

Abstract: Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, people’s living standards have been greatly improved, and many chronic diseases have also been brought, including diabetes. The occurrence of diabetes not only poses a serious threat to human body, but also poses a threat to human life with its development. BP (Back Propagation) neural network model can well solve the logic regression problem of single factor and multiple factors, and also better solve the collinearity problem of multiple factors. BP neural network optimized based on improved genetic algorithm can reflect the influence mode and degree of various factors, and can be predicted from the perspective of patients’ diet, exercise, and doctors’ application of insulin. In this paper, the patients in a hospital were taken as the research object, and the BP neural network method was used to analyze the causes of the disease. The prediction model was used to screen out the high-risk groups of diabetes patients and reduce their incidence rate. Secondly, according to the collected data, the relationship between diabetes related complications was analyzed in depth by using genetic engineering technology, thus providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications. The prediction accuracy of BP neural network optimized by genetic algorithm can reach 94.1%. In the high-risk group of diabetes, taking appropriate diet and behavioral measures can reduce the probability of diabetes. The prediction scheme of diabetes complications proposed in this paper is simple and its cost is low, which can greatly reduce the cost of prevention and treatment of diabetes and the probability of diabetes. Read More

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of the common and frequently occurring malignant tumors both at home and abroad. With the continuous economic development and improvement of living standards, the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased significantly due to the increasing prevalence of high-salt, high-fat, low-fiber diet. In recent years, the combination of Yiqi-jianpi therapy with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has achieved better objective efficacy, and it has unique advantages in reducing toxicity, enhancing efficacy, improving the quality of life of patients, and prolonging survival period. Read More

Abstract: The shortage of nurses and inadequate clinical practice abilities among senior undergraduate nursing students has raised significant concerns globally. The discrepancy between nursing education and practical skill requirements in hospitals is the primary contributor to this issue. Objectives: This study aimed to (1) explore potential classifications for assessing the clinical practice abilities of senior undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice, (2) identify distinct subgroups based on their clinical practice abilities, and (3) analyze the factors influencing these subgroups. Design: This was a cross-sectional study using latent profile analysis. Participants: A total of 336 fourth-year nursing students who had recently completed clinical practice were included in this study. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic factors, the Nursing Professional Attitude Questionnaire (NPAQ), and the Environmental Assessment Scale for Nursing Clinical Practice. The Clinical Ability Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Students (CCSUNS) measures clinical practice abilities. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of students based on their clinical practice abilities. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing these subgroups. Results: Three profiles of clinical practice ability were identified: (1) "low level - guidance dependent" (51.79%), (2) "intermediate - response improvement" (33.85%), and (3) "high level - autonomous decision-making" (16.37%). Key influencing factors included gender, academic performance, professional nursing attitude, and the clinical practice environment. Conclusions: More than half of the senior nursing students demonstrated poor clinical practice abilities. Enhancing the clinical practice environment, increasing practical opportunities, fostering professional attitudes, and addressing gender equality are critical for improving clinical … Read More

Abstract: This study explored the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and barriers of obese adolescents in Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, China, in terms of weight loss management. The study adopted a cross-sectional design, collected data through a questionnaire survey, and used statistical analysis methods to explore the relationship between these factors and their association with socio-demographic characteristics. The study found that participants generally had misconceptions about health knowledge, had a negative attitude towards weight, rarely adopted weight-loss behaviors, and faced some barriers to health management. The study revealed a negative correlation between health knowledge and attitudes, a finding that challenges traditional ideas and suggests that simply increasing health knowledge may not be sufficient to change attitudes and behaviors. In addition, the study found that economic factors had a small effect on health-related dimensions, while BMI had a significant effect on knowledge and behavior dimensions. These findings highlight the need to consider the interaction of multiple factors when designing interventions for adolescent obesity, and to fully consider the local socio-cultural context. The results of the study provide a new perspective on understanding the problem of adolescent obesity in China, and also raise questions about current health education and intervention strategies. Future research can further explore the underlying reasons behind these findings, providing a scientific basis for the development of more effective strategies for the prevention and management of adolescent obesity. Read More

Abstract: The development of information technology has made online medical communities a new avenue for addressing medical resource shortages. However, the complexity of information and the asymmetry between physicians and patients makes patients confused when they consult in online health community (OHC). This study systematically analyzed and summarized relevant theories and factors influencing patients' medical choice behavior through literature review. The objective is to offer guidance for patients' decisions in selecting physicians and to support the sustainable development of online medical community platforms, as well as to provide practical insights for further exploration in this field. Objective: This review examines recent theories and factors influencing patients' medical choice behavior in online health community (OHC), aiming to offer insights for patient choice regarding physician selection and the sustainable development of online medical platforms. Methods: A literature analysis was conducted to summarize studies on patients' medical choice behavior in OHC, identifying relevant theories and influencing factors. Results: The analysis identified seven key theories in the study of patients' medical choice behavior: signal theory, trust theory, social capital theory, social exchange theory, the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), and the opportunity-motivation-ability (OMA) framework. Factors such as physicians' professional capital, online effort, service quality, online reputation, patient preferences and disease heterogeneity significantly influence patients' medical choice behavior. Conclusion: There is a trend toward integrating multiple theories in understanding patients' medical choice behavior in OHC; however, interdisciplinary research remains limited. Most studies focus on patients’ medical choice behavior from the physicians' perspective, while research from the patients' viewpoint is lacking. This study … Read More

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between nursing care and patient satisfaction, with a specific focus on postoperative satisfaction in patients with acute appendicitis. The shift in China's medical model from a biomedical approach to a biopsychosocial framework emphasizes patient-centered care, with patient satisfaction becoming a key indicator of service quality. The study used a survey-based approach to collect data from 384 patients in hospitals in Guangxi, China. Through statistical analysis, the study explores how the quality of care services, doctor-patient communication processes, and information exchange affect patient satisfaction. The research results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the quality of nursing services and patient satisfaction. In particular, the professional level and effective communication skills of nursing staff significantly improve patient satisfaction. This study provides practical recommendations for enhancing the training process in clinical settings. Read More

Abstract: RNA methylation is a post-transcriptional modification involving the addition of methyl groups to RNA molecules, playing a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of RNA methylation, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, in cancer development and progression. RNA methylation affects mRNA stability, splicing, transport, and translation, thereby regulating various aspects of tumor cell biology, including proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Abnormal RNA methylation patterns are closely linked to tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance, with dysregulation of methylation writers, erasers, and readers contributing to cancer onset and progression. Moreover, RNA methylation plays a significant role in cancer immunotherapy by influencing tumor cell immune evasion, offering new therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms of RNA methylation in different cancer types and its interactions with the tumor microenvironment. As technologies advance, RNA methylation modulators hold promising potential for cancer treatment, providing new strategies and therapeutic targets. Read More

Abstract: Herpes zoster is a skin disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), primarily manifesting as painful skin rashes in localized areas. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating herpes zoster, and the integration of modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies holds promise for further enhancing treatment efficacy. This study aims to construct an AI-based traditional Chinese medicine treatment plan by analyzing large-scale clinical data and traditional medical literature to establish individualized diagnostic models. The experimental results demonstrate that this method effectively shortens the disease course and reduces the incidence of complications. Additionally, the study reveals the mechanisms of action of various components of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment, providing a basis for further optimization of treatment plans. This innovative integration approach not only improves treatment precision but also offers a new paradigm for combined traditional and Western medicine treatment. This paper not only showcases the potential of AI in the field of traditional Chinese medicine but also provides new insights into the treatment of herpes zoster. Read More

Abstract: Lung cancer has become a major public health problem worldwide, with the highest incidence and mortality rates among malignant tumors. With the emergence of new drugs such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the survival rate of lung cancer patients has been extended to some extent, but the overall prognosis is still not satisfactory. In traditional Chinese medicine, Yiqi Chutan therapy is the basic approach for treating lung cancer, which has the functions of reducing toxicity, enhancing efficacy, inhibiting the recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer, improving symptoms, and improving quality of life. Read More

Abstract: The cultivation of clinical reasoning ability in nursing students is a hot topic of research among nursing educators worldwide. Only by fully understanding the concept of clinical reasoning, accurately assessing its level, and familiarizing themselves with its influencing factors, can nursing educators develop appropriate measures to cultivate and enhance the clinical reasoning ability of nursing students. Through literature review, this article found that there is no unified and clear concept of clinical reasoning internationally, but experts unanimously agree that the three basic conditions that should be met for conducting clinical reasoning are discipline-specific knowledge, multiple types of thinking, and reasoning skills. There are two main types of evaluation tools for nursing students' clinical reasoning ability: self-evaluation tools and peer evaluation tools. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. The clinical reasoning ability of nursing students is not only influenced by their own factors such as professional knowledge, experience, and thinking patterns, but also by external factors such as teaching methods and teaching environment. Read More

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of the case management nursing model on lipid management in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: Coronary heart disease patients admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary hospital in Henan Province from April 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into a conventional care group and a case management group. The case management model was implemented, and a 3-month follow-up was conducted. Data were collected and analyzed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups. After 3 months of case management, the case management group showed better medication adherence, greater reductions in lipid levels, and higher lipid control rates. Conclusion: The case management nursing model can improve medication adherence and lipid control rates in patients with coronary heart disease. Read More

Abstract: In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has been on the rise globally and in China. The conventional treatment methods for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, and other biological immunotherapy. In the treatment of breast cancer, the status of chemotherapy drugs is unshakable, and the related toxic side effects have gradually attracted people's attention. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline drug, which is the cornerstone drug for adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. It exerts anti-tumor effects by inserting DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, but it can also cause severe neurotoxicity by crossing the blood-brain barrier, clinically manifested as memory and executive function decline, etc., which has a huge impact on the patient's work and life. With the development of modern medicine, the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating adverse reactions related to breast cancer and improving patients' quality of life are increasingly being recognized. Traditional Chinese medicine classifies chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment into related diseases such as "dementia", "brain marrow depletion", and "forgetfulness" based on its main clinical symptoms, and achieves the therapeutic effect of improving chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment through clinical differentiation and coordinating relevant therapies, providing a scientific basis for the treatment of adverse reactions related to malignant tumors by traditional Chinese medicine in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Read More

Abstract: Perioperative patient safety management is a critical aspect of healthcare, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the roles and responsibilities of operating room nurses in ensuring patient safety. This paper emphasizes the significance of nurses' perspectives in enhancing safety protocols during the perioperative phase. It explores the multifaceted responsibilities of operating room nurses, highlighting their pivotal role in patient safety, from preoperative assessment to postoperative care. The challenges faced by nurses in maintaining safety standards are discussed, along with innovative solutions to mitigate these issues. Drawing on insights from contemporary practices, the paper advocates for a proactive approach to safety management, emphasizing continuous education, effective communication, and the implementation of evidence-based guidelines. The conclusions offer a roadmap for future directions in perioperative safety, underscoring the need for collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to achieve optimal patient outcomes. By integrating the experiences and insights of operating room nurses, this work contributes to a more nuanced understanding of perioperative safety management, aiming to foster a culture of safety in surgical environments. Read More

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally found polysaccharide that is extensively prevalent in the human body, particularly in the skin, eyes, and synovial fluid, and it plays a crucial role in a range of physiological and pathological processes. This article examines the connection between hyaluronic acid and inflammatory responses, especially its anti-inflammatory properties. Read More

Abstract: Endotoxins, also called lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are mostly found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which are widely used as a common expression system to produce some biological products. The presence of small amounts of endotoxin can cause side effects in host organism such as endotoxin shock, tissue injury, and even death. Due to these reactions, it is essential to remove endotoxins in the final products. In the actual production process, endotoxin contamination can occur at any process unit. In this article, we review the structure and characteristics of endotoxins and the effects that it causes in vivo. The endotoxin removal strategies are also elaborated according to the relevant mechanism. Besides, the endotoxin removal also faces enormous challenges in the actual production process. Read More

Abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides are the third largest solid component in breast milk and have functions such as regulating the intestinal flora, inhibiting the growth of pathogens, influencing the immune response of infants, and promoting brain development. Currently, the synthesis methods of human milk oligosaccharides include chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis and microbial fermentation. Chemical synthesis has low efficiency and doubts about product safety; enzymatic synthesis has a high conversion rate, but the substrate cost is high and the enzyme activity is unstable. Microbial fermentation can use Escherichia coli, yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum as chassis strains, but it is not possible to determine the pros and cons of the research on chassis strains. At present, many kinds of human milk oligosaccharides have been approved by many countries as food additives or new raw materials and have application potential in many fields. Read More