Abstract: Objective: A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for determination of tadalafil in beagle dog plasma was developed, and to investigate the effect of Epimedium extract on the pharmacokinetics of tadalafil in beagle dogs. Methods: The beagle dog plasma was extracted with ethyl acetate under alkaline conditions. Tadalafil and internal standard (IS, carbamazepine) were separated on an XDB-C18 column, acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid were used as the mobile phase. Tadalafil and IS were detected by DAD. This experiment adopts the experimental design of double cycle self-control. In the first cycle (group A), six beagle dogs were given Tadalafil 1 mg/kg orally in a single dose. In the second period (Group B), the same six beagle dogs were orally given Epimedium extract 0.6 g/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days, then Tadalafil was orally given. At the different time points after tadalafil was given in the two periods, the blood samples were collected. The concentration of tadalafil were detected by the developed HPLC method. DAS 2.0 was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of tadalafil. Results: Under the current experimental conditions, this HPLC-UV method showed good linearity in the detection of tadalafil. Inter-day and intra-day precision did not exceed 10%, the range of accuracy values were from -6.40% to 8.12%. The results of extraction recovery, and stability were met the requirements of FDA approval guidelines of bioanalytical method validation. Compared with the control group, the Cmax of the experimental group decreased by 42.91%, the experimental group showed a significant increase in CLz/F, the AUC(0-t) and AUC (0-∞) of tadalafil in the experimental group decreased by 24.60% and 29.57%, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, a HPLC-UV method for the determination of plasma tadalafil concentration was established. Epimedium extract could induce metabolism of tadalafil in beagle … Read More

Abstract: Under stressful conditions, the body produces a series of biological responses, such as significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and glandular activity, etc. Strong noise also has an effect on physiology. In the following research, Heart rate was selected as the psychophysiological index reflecting the psychological changes of the subjects, and the psycho-emotional changes of the subjects under the stimulation of strong noise samples were analyzed laterally by measuring the results of the physiological indexes before and after the subjects' experiments. Results showed that Subjects' heart rate variability changed significantly and with similar trends under noise stimulation, and changed more as the noise loudness level increased. Read More

Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer subtype, with rising incidence and poor prognosis due to difficult early diagnosis. Peptide drugs, known for their high selectivity, low toxicity, and flexible structure, are emerging as promising NSCLC treatments. This review covers recent advances in peptide drugs, focusing on mechanisms for targeting pathways, modulating immunity, and overcoming resistance. Challenges such as stability, bioavailability, and delivery efficiency are discussed, alongside strategies like chemical modifications, nanocarriers, and computational design to improve efficacy. Future prospects include combining peptide drugs with current therapies and utilizing AI for precise NSCLC treatment. Read More

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by a complex etiology involving genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics have provided crucial insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This paper reviews the fundamental concepts and etiological theories of schizophrenia, with a detailed examination of the applications of molecular biology and genetics in schizophrenia research, particularly focusing on the latest developments in genomics and genetic susceptibility studies. By analyzing the functions of known relevant genes and exploring gene-environment interactions, this paper reveals the complex molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and discusses future research directions. Our research indicates that integrating modern molecular biology techniques and genetic methods will aid in early diagnosis and precise treatment of schizophrenia, advancing clinical applications and optimizing public health strategies. Read More

Abstract: This review explores the application of humic acid in agricultural systems, focusing on its impact on soil fertility, chemical properties, biological activity, crop growth, and carbon emissions. Humic acid enhances the stability and diversity of organic matter in the soil, improves soil structure, and increases nutrient availability. Research shows that humic acid significantly promotes crop growth, boosts yield and quality, and reduces CO₂ emissions in agricultural systems. Through various activation methods, the effectiveness of humic acid can be optimized, further advancing its role in soil improvement and sustainable agriculture. Read More

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation effect of soluble dietary fiber from Artemisia selengensis on blood glucose and lipid in diabetic mice, and its effect on intestinal flora. SPF grade C57BL/6 mice were selected, blank group was fed basic diet, and other mice were fed high-sugar and high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and then intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (STZ) solution to establish a diabetic mouse model. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into model control group and Artemisia selengensis fiber group. The blank group was fed the basic diet, the model control group was fed the high-sugar and high-fat diet, and the Artemisia selengensis cellulose group was fed the high-sugar and high-fat diet containing 5.0% Artemisia selengensis cellulose for 4 consecutive weeks. After the feeding, blood glucose and lipid related indexes and intestinal flora composition were detected. The results showed that Artemisia selengensis cellulose could reduce fasting blood glucose, alleviate insulin resistance and improve dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. In addition, Artemisia selengensis cellulose can down-regulate the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae, up-regulate the relative abundance of Bacteroidotas and decrease the F/B value. Artemisia selengensis cellulose can effectively improve the blood glucose and lipid levels of diabetic mice, and the mechanism may be achieved by regulating the composition of intestinal flora. Read More

Abstract: This study aims to identify conserved drug targets in protozoan parasites through genomic data mining and use computational virtual screening to discover small molecule inhibitors from the TCMSP database that target these conserved drug targets. Comparative genomics was applied to identify key drug targets in protozoan parasites, and high-throughput screening was conducted using the AutoDock Vina molecular docking program. The results were further refined using docking scores and the "ADME-Lipinski" rule, followed by an analysis of the interactions between small molecules and the drug targets. Potential small molecules with anti-parasitic activity were predicted. In this study, the DHFR-TS enzyme was identified as a conserved drug target for protozoan parasites through comparative genomics. Using DHFR-TS as the target and a known positive control ligand, six compounds with favorable drug-like properties were selected from the TCMSP database: MOL013376, MOL005018, MOL009591, MOL002047, MOL011499, and MOL012692. These compounds demonstrated superior binding affinity and interaction with DHFR-TS compared to the positive control ligand. This study combines comparative genomics and computational virtual screening to identify potential natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine for protozoan parasites, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the design and experimental synthesis of novel anti-parasitic drug candidates. Read More

Abstract: Objective To investigate the demand of the elderly in Jiangsu province for the combination of medical and nursing care with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide feasible countermeasures for optimizing the service system of the combination of medical and nursing care with TCM characteristics in Jiangsu Province. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 632 elderly people in 13 cities of Jiangsu province. Based on Andersen theory model, disordered and multi-classification Logistics regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of elderly people's demand for TCM combined medical and nursing care services from the perspective of propensity factors, enabling factors and demand factors. Results Age, number of children, affordability of medical expenses, health status, types of chronic diseases and understanding of the combination of medical care and old-age care are significant factors affecting the different degree of demand for the combination of medical care and old-age care services. Suggestion It is suggested to strengthen the publicity of the combination of TCM with characteristics at the grass-roots level, promote the construction of the combination of TCM with characteristics, and enrich the service of TCM with characteristics for the elderly. Read More

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and estrogen is thought to play a protective role in cardiovascular health. The mechanism of action and clinical significance of GPER, as an emerging class of estrogen receptors, in the cardiovascular system is being extensively studied. This elucidation of the signaling pathways and specific roles of GPER in cardiovascular diseases, i.e., the multiple roles of GPER in cardiovascular protection through the activation of multiple signaling pathways, provides new hopes and strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article is to summarize the progress of research on GPER in the field of cardiovascular disease. Read More

Abstract: Volatile organochlorines (VOCs) are widely present in our environment and can be used as good solvents, paints, degreases, and various industrial and commercial products, can be detected in soil, air, and any kind of polluted water medium.  Carbon tetrachloride (CT), as a typical volatile organochlorine compound, has stable chemical properties, long half-life and long residence time in polluted environment. CT is mainly produced by anthropogenic conditions and rarely directly by nature. There is currently no microbial system capable of using CT as the only carbon source. Microbes that use CT as terminal electron acceptor have not been reported, but the corresponding degradation pathways have been studied. Known modes of CT biodegradation involve a variety of microbial metabolites, mainly metal-bound coenzymes and ferriferous carriers produced by facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. In this paper, biological and abiotic methods of CT degradation were reviewed, factors affecting CT dechlorination and microbial degradation in contaminated sites were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected. Read More

Abstract: This article talks about the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (HTM) in several types of tumours, such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer. Researchers have found that hypoxia can make hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) work, especially HIF-1α. It is very important for how tumour cells grow, divide, invade, and get away from the defence system. HTM also changes the growth of blood vessels in tumours, the way immune cells work, and how tumour cells get away from immune monitoring. These results show how complicated HTM's part is in the growth of tumours and point the way to possible targets for the creation of new treatment approaches. Starting from now on, it is very important to fully comprehend how HTM works and how it is controlled. This not only helps to find the deep rule of how tumours grow, but it also encourages the creation of more precise medical treatments for HTM. Some examples are drugs that stop HIF-1α from working properly, treatments that stop tumours from growing new blood vessels, and vaccines that change the immune system's surroundings. It's possible that therapy will be used to treat cancer in the future. It was also looked into how HTM affects other factors in the tumour microenvironment, like acidity and interstitial pressure. It will also give us a new way to think about how to treat tumours in a more complete way. Read More

Abstract: Processing drugs of traditional Chinese medicine is a kind of processing of Chinese herbal medicines, which can assist in adjusting the medicinal properties, reducing the toxicity of medicines, purifying the medicinal herbs, and increasing the therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, in addition to the process of processing itself and the clinical efficacy of the artillery products, there have been a considerable number of studies focusing on the effects of the active ingredients of Chinese medicines before and after concocting. In this paper, we summarize the relevant literature on the effects of Chinese medicine processing on the active ingredients of Chinese medicines in recent years, and explore the effects of different processing methods on the active ingredients of Interior warming herbs under the traditional classification of Chinese medicines, with the intention of providing certain reference value for the field of Chinese medicine processing. Read More

Abstract: Object: To investigate the protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E against pelvic radiotherapy-induced ovarian radiation injury. Method: Thirty-two mature female mice were randomly divided into four groups: the irradiation-only group, the vitamin E-administered irradiation group, the melatonin-administered irradiation group, and the vitamin E + melatonin-administered irradiation group. All drug-irradiated groups received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and/or vitamin E starting 3 weeks before irradiation. Then, the drug-irradiated and irradiation-only groups underwent a total dose of 2 Gy (1 Gy/session * 2 sessions) of local pelvic radiotherapy. Post-radiotherapy, the drug-irradiated groups continued receiving intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and/or vitamin E for 2 weeks. Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured, along with estrus cycle monitoring and follicle count comparisons. Results: Compared with the irradiation-only group, the vitamin E-administered and vitamin E+ melatonin-administered irradiation groups showed improvements in disrupted estrous cycles (p<0.05). All drug-irradiated groups improved hormonal levels of ovaries, with statistically significant differences, and combined use provided superior effects (p<0.05). Melatonin and vitamin E administration also increased the number of functional follicles, reduced atretic follicles, and increased total follicle numbers, with synergistic effects being superior (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both melatonin and vitamin E provide protective effects against pelvic radiotherapy-induced ovarian damage, with combination therapy offering the best outcomes. Read More

Abstract: The human body generates a sophisticated three-dimensional complex motion of the centre of mass when walking, with the majority of this vibration occurring in the vertical and coronal axes. This paper presents an analysis of the human walking motion, accompanied by the establishment of an equivalent model of the human walking COM motion. This law is integrated into the coronal plane to generate the Lissajous curve expression of the human walking COM motion trajectory. Finally, the reliability of the results was verified by comparing the COM motion equivalent model with several sets of walking experimental data. The model is capable of accurately predicting and analysing the walking amplitude and frequency of the COM at varying heights and speeds. Furthermore, a dual-degree-of-freedom power suspension backpack system has been designed based on the model, which has the potential to significantly reduce the low-frequency vibration and inertial force impacts of heavy loads on the human body's vertical and coronal axes during load-bearing walking. This could help to alleviate the resulting mechanical injuries to the human body and reduce the additional metabolic energy consumption required to resist these impacts. The device is capable of effectively reducing the low-frequency vibration and inertial force impacts in the vertical and coronal axes of the human body when walking with a load. Read More

Abstract: This study explores the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on diabetes prevalence through a meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases, and used random-effects models to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We conducted heterogeneity tests, publication bias analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessed the quality of literature using GRADE. Results showed that individuals with low SES had a significantly higher risk of diabetes compared to those with high SES (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.10-2.69). Blue-collar workers (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.10-2.69) and manual laborers (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.32-2.59) also had significantly higher diabetes risk compared to white-collar workers and non-manual laborers. No significant differences were found in analyses of education and income levels. This meta-analysis examined the impact of SES on diabetes prevalence, and while some individual factors did not show statistical significance, an overall association between SES and diabetes risk was observed. Read More

Abstract: Zhaoqing lake is the main area of Zhaoqing city landscape development, is the core area of Zhaoqing city construction, but has the characteristics of ecological sensitive, limited environmental bearing capacity, with the urban construction and rapid expansion, the ecological environment damage, about Zhaoqing lake ecological protection and sustainable development research is very urgent. From the perspective of landscape ecology, using the minimum cumulative resistance model analysis of Zhaoqing lake landscape ecological security pattern, focusing on Zhaoqing north ridge mountain center and lake ecological corridor between water, and through the urban greenway construction of the minimum ecological corridor space protection, to ensure the urban ecological security. Read More